Abstract:The auxiliary model identification idea is presented for the systems with unmeasurable variables.It is an important method for studying the system identification with unknown variables.Introducing the auxiliary model identification idea and taking the input nonlinear finite impulse response system with white noise as an example,this paper studies the auxiliary model (AM) based gradient identification algorithms,the AM multi-innovation gradient identification algorithms,the interval-varying AM multi-innovation gradient identification algorithms;the interval-equating AM gradient identification algorithms and the interval-equating AM multi-innovation gradient identification algorithms.

Abstract:Accurate monitoring on adverse wind areafrom Doppler radar images is of great significance in the fast and automatic warning system of severe weather.In this paper,an in-depth study on the structural features of adverse wind area of Doppler radar radial velocity image iscarried out,then an accurate and automatic monitoring algorithm is designed and implemented which runs as follows.Firstly,the Doppler radar radial velocity color image is processed into two binary images,namely the positive speed binary image and the negative speed binary image,based on the color bar.Secondly,the two binary images are operated by morphology for de-noising.After that,the above four images are operated together by cross logic and the monitoring result with some related parameters are obtained accurately.In order to show the effectiveness of this algorithm,forty-seven Doppler radar radial velocity images include one or more adverse wind areas,from Changsha Radar Station of Hunan province,are tested.All experiments present an exciting result that the proposed algorithm can be 89% in accuracy,which is extremely effective for practical application.

Abstract:The effect of black film mulching on potato nutrient,yield as well as soil quality is studied in Nanjing,with potato variety of Helan No.7 as test material.Three treatments were designed during potato growth,including ridges mulched with black plastic film (BM),ridges mulched with commonly used white film (WM),and non-mulched (CK) flatland as control.The results show that the black film mulching significantly increases the tuber starch content and potato yield,and changes soil quality as well.The potato yield of BM treatment is 31.1% and 43.7% higher than that of WM and CK,respectively.The content of available potassium in topsoil is lower in the two film mulching treatments;the content of available phosphorus is lowest,while the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are highest in deep soil in BM treatment.The mulching treatment,especially with black film,improves soil environment such as topsoil water content and temperature,which favors the growth of miniature potato.

Abstract:The integration of distributed generation(DG) into the distribution network may incur the falseprotection action by inverse-time over-current protection.The DG impact on short-circuit current in the distribution system is analyzed,and the formula of short-circuit current under various conditions are deduced,then the possibility offalse action by inverse-time over-current protection is analyzed.A 10 kV distribution system with DG is used to calculate the starting current and time characteristics of inverse-time over-current protection,and simulate the short-circuit current and the action time,as well as the false actionpossibility of inverse-time over-current protection.The results show that the possibility of the false action is high with location between the fault point and the DG when the short-circuit occur in the DG's upstream.

Abstract:The molecular structure optimization and characteristic spectra of Freon-12 and its substitute of Freon-134a are obtained by density theory (B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p)) calculations.The molecular configurable parameters,including bond length,bond angle and dihedral angle are calculated through high precise computation.The IR spectra and the Raman spectra of these two molecules are obtained by further calculation.The calculated IR spectra of Freon-12 are in good agreement with experimental results taken from National Institute of Standards and Technology,which proves to be accurate.Additionally,we get the UV-VIS spectra of Freon-12 and Freon-134a by calculating energy with CIS method.The computing results offer useful reference for protecting atmospheric ozone layer.

Abstract:Lawful supervision of mobile terminals is an important means of national security sectors to guarantee mobile network security.And access of identity of mobile terminal is basis for supervision.Based on description of the main identities of mobile terminal and the research status of supervision system,this paper proposes a design scheme of multiformat mobile terminal identity detection system,which can be applied to dual-arfcn GSM network and WCDMA network,clarifies its technical principle and implementation processes,and presents a technical solution for system optimization.The multiformat identity detection scheme is verified through system test.

Abstract:This paper addresses the failed energy cooperation in experiment of muti-level Surge Protective Device (SPD).In accordance with the requirement of JB/T 10618-2006,a model of muti-level SPD is constructed and analyzed by transmission line theory and Kirchhoff law.Theoretical analysis and precise calculation show that resistance or inductance type of decoupling component works well when the protected equipment is working in status of low frequency;while only resistance type of decoupling component with low inductance should be selected when the protected equipment is working in status of high frequency.The value of decoupling component parameters could be calculated by transmission line theory and Kirchhoff law.It's helpful for designer to choose an applicable decoupling component for multi-level SPD.

Abstract:The inherent difference between the modeled terrain and observed topography has seriously affected the 2 m temperature verification accuracy.The traditional 2D interpolation scheme can only ensure the consistency in two-dimensional space at latitude and longitude,while its neglect of the consistency at vertical direction produces error between forecast result and observation data.Using three-dimensional forecast variables,combined with near-surface elements of forecast products,an advanced 3D interpolation scheme is developed to ensure the consistency with the observed 3D space forecasting.The 24 h forecast products and observation data in July 2013 are used to compare and the results show that the proposed 3D interpolation scheme effectively solve the evaluation difference caused by the height bias between the modeled terrain and observed topography,which have maintained relatively consistent error distribution under different terrain height.And the evaluation results are not affected by terrain,which means it has good application value.To verify the proposed 3-D interpolation scheme for complex terrain with different resolutions,we carry out 60 h simulation sensitive tests for 2 m temperature estimation of Tibetan in July,2012 under resolution of 45 km,15 km,5 km,and 2 km,which show that the proposed method can improve estimation accuracy even under high resolution of 2 m.

Abstract:Based on daily precipitation data of five representative meteorological stations in Shijiazhuang area during 1961-2014,the spatial and temporal change characteristics of precipitation were analyzed by using a variety of statistical methods.Results show that annual precipitation in Shijiazhuang area begins to fall from the 1970s and reaches the lowest in the 1980s,then increases slightly in the 1990s,and begins to decline in the 21st century.The precipitation reduction in the 1970s is mainly due to the rainfall decrease in spring and autumn,while the decrease in the 1980s and slight increase in the 1990s are mainly attributed to the precipitation variation in summer.The annual precipitation in Shijiazhuang area fluctuates obviously with the most precipitation of 1 038.4 mm in 1963 and the least one of 276.2 mm in 1965.In recent 54 years,the annual precipitation in Shijiazhuang decreases slightly with a linear trend of -11.0 mm/(10 a).As for its spatial distribution,the annual precipitation increases in the north,and decreases in other parts of the city,yet without obvious trend.And for its temporal variation,the precipitation increases in spring with a linear trend of 0.9 mm/(10 a),while decreases in other seasons with the linear trends of -11.9 mm/(10 a),-1.1 mm/(10 a),-0.3 mm/(10 a) for summer,autumn,and winter,respectively,all of which are not obvious.Generally,the reduction of annual precipitation in Shijiazhuang can be due to the precipitation decrease in summer;there were seasonal and regional characteristics in the spatial distribution of the precipitation change trends in four seasons in Shijiazhuang;and significant cycles exist in seasonal precipitation variation in Shijiazhuang.

Abstract:Global warming has become an indisputable fact.People get to know that the mode of production relying on over consuming energy,the mode of economic development at the expense of the environment and the excessive spending life style should be fundamentally changed.Cities are not only the carrier of industry,construction,transportation,but also the main source of high energy consumption and high carbon emissions.In order to deal with the challenge of global warming,we need to change the traditional pattern of urban development.The paper first adopts IPCC energy conversion model to test the carbon emissions in Nanjing,then choses indexes including population,GDP,per capita GDP,population urbanization rate,coefficient of diversified industrial structure(ESD),coefficient of diversified energy consumption structure(ESCD) and energy intensity of Nanjing as the comparison sequences,specifies Nanjing's CO₂ emissions as a reference sequence,then calculates and sorts the association degree of the comparison sequences with the reference sequence using grey correlation model.The result shows that according to the correlation with carbon emissions in Nanjing,the descending order should be ESD,population,urbanization rate,ECSD,energy intensity,per capita GDP,and GDP.It's in line with the data provided by the research that industrial emission for production holds over 50% because of the wide use of fossil energy.The potential contribution of related indexes to Nanjing's building of low-carbon city are elaborated,hence some suggestions are put forward for policy makers.

Abstract:This paper briefed the concept of annual maximum series(AMS) and annual exceedance series(AES),indicating that the use of AMS contradicts the definition of return period.Having taken the rainfall data of 1438 stations in the Southwest Semiarid area of the U.S.A(SSUS) and 96 stations in the Taihu Lake Basin(TLB) of China as examples for frequency analysis,we find out that the quantiles estimated based on AMS under current conventional computation are underestimated,especially for frequent events,by comparison of the empirical frequency of data with the theoretical exceedance probability.However,the findings for the SSUS data are more justified than those for the data in the TLB.The study suggests the possible causes for the difference could be,via a skewness analysis of AMS data in the TLB,that the stations used for the study in the TLB are very limited and data series are short in comparison with the SSUS data.Furthermore,only few high values are available in the high value interval,resulting in discontinuous AMS histograms for most stations in the TLB.

Abstract:The monthly averaged climate data from 24 meteorological stations in Jiangsu province during 1981-2012,were used to analyze the structural relation and correlational function of meteorological elements including temperature,humidity and precipitation for each pair of meteorological stations.The relationships between structural function and station distance,correlational function and station distance are analyzed by using curvilinear regression and linear regression,respectively,which are then used to calculate and evaluate the meteorological station density in Jiangsu province.The results show that the structural function and correlational function of meteorological elements cannot meet the requirement of optimum interpolation and uniformity,and the meteorological station network should be optimized in accordance with the specific climate in Jiangsu province.