Abstract:Typical block-oriented structure nonlinear systems include the basic input nonlinear systems,the output nonlinear systems,the input-output nonlinear systems and the feedback nonlinear systems.The input nonlinear systems include the input nonlinear equation-error type systems and the input nonlinear output-error type systems.Taking the input nonlinear equation-error autoregressive systems (namely the input nonlinear controlled autoregressive autoregressive (IN-CARAR) systems as an example,this paper studies and presents stochastic gradient (SG) identification methods,multi-innovation SG methods,recursive least squares (LS) identification methods and multi-innovation LS identification methods for IN-CARAR systems based on the over-parameterization model,the key term separation principle and the data filtering technique,the model decomposition technique.These methods can be extended to other input nonlinear equation-error systems,input nonlinear output-error type systems,output nonlinear equation-error type systems and output nonlinear output-error systems,and feedback nonlinear systems.Finally,the computational efficiency,the computational steps and the flowcharts of several typical identification algorithms are discussed.

Abstract:The aim of this series articles is to help more persons to know options and other financial derivatives.We will introduce several classical models for the behavior of the asset price in the field of financial mathematics systematically,then give the method of computing the option values from the point of mathematics and computer simulations.This paper introduce the definitions of European options and their study necessity,give the interpretation of the relevant financial names and estimate the option bounds.

Abstract:As one of the most important nitrogen-containing compounds,amines are prone to form stable ammonium and aminium salts with sulfuric acid and nitric acid,and thus can promote new particle formation in the atmosphere.Meanwhile,amines can react with OH and NO₃ radicals to form precursors of secondary organic aerosol.In this paper,we summarized the progress in the measurement techniques of amines in the atmosphere.Both traditional off-line analytical techniques and more advanced on-line mass spectrometry method were described and inter-compared.More details on the working principle and advantages of the mass spectrometry technique were provided and its future perspective was discussed.

Abstract:For the most widely used Office Open XML (OOX) format documents (MS Office 2007—2013),this paper proposes a robust watermarking algorithm based on the redundant attribute.Watermarking information,which is linked to the format information of document,can be imperceptibly embedded into the redundancy space of OOX parts.The method can resist text content-based active attacks.The method this paper proposed has better robustness and embedding capacity,which can resist "Clean Format","Save As" and other active attacks.The proposed watermarking method does not change any format or semantic information of the original documents,which no existing methods would do.The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of the algorithm.

Abstract:This paper designs the tracking and positioning system for ship based on binocular vision and finishes the corresponding algorithm.This algorithm contains four modules,namely camera calibration,object tracking,stereo matching and disparity locating.The tracking module tracks and gives object bounding as a result,the matching module carries out the binocular stereo matching in the tracking window,and the disparity locating uses the pixel location corresponding to the stereo matching to calculate the object's coordinate in physical space,which can reduce matching time.Results indicate that the design works well in real-time tracking and gives the accurate location of object,which meets the application requirements.This system can complete the task of tracking and positioning of dynamic target and provide rich information of 3D image at the same time,which has great application value.

Abstract:To investigate the diurnal variation and seasonal variation characteristics of soil respiration rate in north subtropical deciduous broad-leaved forest,the soil respiration rates in Longwang Mountain forest of Nanjing,Jiangsu province were measured using LI-8100 automated soil CO₂ flux system,and the soil temperature and moisture were recorded at the same time.The result showed that soil respiration rate increased and reached its peak during 12:00 to 14:00,which is generally in accordance with the diurnal change of soil temperature.As for the seasonal variation,the forest soil respiration rate changed with the seasonal variation of soil temperature.The soil respiration rate was relatively high when the soil temperature was high in summer,and vice versa.Significant relationship was found between soil respiration rate and soil temperature,and the Q₁₀ of deciduous broad-leaved forest soil in Longwang Mountain was calculated to be 2.81.

Abstract:Using the wavelet power spectrum and composite analysis,the intraseasonal oscillation of 500 hPa zonal winds in spring over the Tibetan Plateau and its relationship to the precipitation in south China is studied,based on the daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and the daily precipitation dataset from 753 stations in China.Results reveal that the 10-30 d oscillation is the dominate period of the 500 hPa zonal wind variations over the Tibetan Plateau in spring season,characterized by its eastward propagation in zonal and southward propagation in meridional direction.Results also indicate that this 10-30 d intraseasonal oscillation is closely related to the spring precipitation over the south China.As the low-frequency oscillation over the Tibetan Plateau reaches its peak phase (phase 2-3,i.e.,westerly anomalies over the plateau),there will be positive precipitation anomalies in south China,and vice versa.In addition,the occurrence of the maximum (minimum) precipitation anomalies over south China is about 2 days lagged behind the peak (valley) phase of the intraseasonal oscillation over the plateau.Results further show that the intraseasonal oscillations of 500 hPa zonal wind over the Tibetan Plateau is highly related to an eastward-propagating wave train in the mid-high latitudes and through which the oscillation thus affects spring precipitation over south China.

Abstract:Using the 1953—2010 meteorological records at the Nanyue mountain observatory,the climate change characteristics are analyzed using linear regression,Mann-Kendall test and wavelet analysis.In addition,the interannual variations of precipitation and temperature are comparatively analyzed which are related to mean wind speed closely.Results show that both annual and seasonal mean wind speed have obvious decreasing trends during the period analyzed,and abrupt descending changes occurred in the early 1990s.Generally,the wind speeds had noticeable quasi-2-year and quasi-4-year periods.While the mean temperature,the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature show obvious increasing trends.In general,the temperature had noticeable quasi-2-year and qusi-4-year periods,and there are abrupt changes from low temperature to high temperature in the mid-1990s.Precipitation had a decreasing trend.In general,the precipitation had significant quasi-2-year and quasi-3-year periods.There is a significant negative correlation between wind speed and mean temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature,all of which have passed the confidence test(p≤0.01).The correlation coefficient between wind speed and precipitation does not pass the significance test,but the variations of wind speed and precipitation have anti-phase changes in the mid-1960s,and the mid-1970s until the beginning of 21st century.

Abstract:Based on the monthly mean temperature data of 39 meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province from 1957 to 2001 and Digital Elevation Model(DEM) data with resolution of 90 m,a geographical knowledge aided spatial interpolation model was introduced to improve the spatial interpolation result.Comparative analysis was conducted between the knowledge based spatial interpolation and traditional methods of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW),CoKriging (CK),Ordinary Kriging(OK),Spline function(SPLINE) using the cross validation results,it was concluded that the range of the monthly temperature lapse rate was about 0.5-0.9 ℃/(100 m) in the research area,and the proposed interpolation method based on DEM was superior to other methods in both interpolation effect and accuracy.The monthly mean temperature distribution map with resolution of 90 m was established,which expressed the main trend of temperature changing with terrain and reflected the spatial variability of temperature.

Abstract:Based upon GDAS and GBL NCEP reanalysis data with resolution 1°×1°and 2.5°×2.5°respectively,the trajectory of the air mass at 100 m altitude over Hetian meteorological station is simulated by HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model),which is developed by Air Source Laboratory of NOAA,to estimate the effect of integration error and resolution error on the trajectory calculation error.The contribution of the integration error is found to be very small,which increases slightly with the integration time length and has no relation to the resolution of the meteorological data.The resolution error varies at different time point,and is found to be related to the topography,the weather system and the interpolation.The simulated trajectories using datasets with different resolution differed with each other significantly,indicating that the resolution error contributes more to the trajectory calculation error than calculation error.

Abstract:As an open source software based on dynamic quad/octrees adaptive mesh,Gerris receives more and more interest from researchers in ocean and hydrology.This paper reviews the development background,research status,main features of Gerris.Numerical scheme of Gerris,including dynamic quad/octrees adaptive grid,dynamic load-balancing technique,general orthogonal curvilinear coordinates,embedded complex geometries and topography,are described in detail.Preliminary applications of Gerris in the numerical investigation of ocean modelling are also demonstrated.Results show that dynamic adaptive grid has a unique advantage in terms of solving multi-scale problems.Precision of geographic features in ocean modelling can be improved by applications of adaptive grid.Handling terrain and grid through data in GTS (or KDT) format can meet the requirements in both accuracy and usability.As a result,combining Gerris with other ocean models has become an important direction in Gerris future development.