Abstract:Because the state space model contains both the unknown states and the unknown parameters,and they involve the nonlinear product relations,which makes the identification problem more complicated.In order to solve this problem,this paper studies the combined state and parameter estimation methods for canonical state space systems.The interactive estimation theory is used to derive the combined state and parameter estimation algorithms by means of the recursive or iterative scheme.When computing the parameter estimates,the unknown states in the information vector of the identification algorithms are replaced with their estimates,the obtained parameter estimates are used to design the parameter estimates based observer or the parameter estimates based Kalman filtering algorithm to estimate the states of the systems.They form an interactive estimation process (a hierarchical estimation process).Along this line,from the recursive scheme or the iterative scheme,this paper presents the observer based or the Kalman filtering based stochastic gradient (SG) identification algorithm,recursive least squares (LS) identification algorithm,multi-innovation SG algorithm,multi-innovation LS identification algorithm,and the model decomposition based identification methods.Finally,the computational efficiency,the computational steps and the flowcharts of some typical algorithms are discussed.

Abstract:Porous TiO₂ microspheres with nanocrystalline have the advantages of big grain size,small crystalline size and high specific surface.In this study,porous TiO₂ microspheres with nanocrystalline were fabricated by using butyl titanate as raw material and gelatin as a template with the sol-gel method.Then their properties were characterized by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction.The results showed that the pure anatase TiO₂ was gained and its composite was not changed when the gelatin solution was added.However,the gelatin refined and rearranged TiO₂ crystallizes.It was demonstrated that porous TiO₂ microspheres with the diameter of about 200-500 nm were formed,and consisted of nanocrystallizes with the average size of(14.3±0.9)nm and pores about 2-5 nm.Moreover,the formation mechanism of porous TiO₂ microspheres was analyzed.

Abstract:The design of a multi-mode intelligent street light control system is proposed with AT89S52 micro-controller as its master chip.Three kinds of operating mode,namely road,alley or timing mode,are available for selection according to environment brightness.In the alley mode,the system detects the crossing vehicles or pedestrians by the infrared sensors,and sends the signal to the micro-controller,which will turn on the street lights.The street lights are always on in road mode to ensure the safe and quick crossing of vehicles or pedestrians.Under the timing mode,the system will turn on/off the street lights according to the timing schedule,which is set through the DS1302 timing module.Integrated with automatic fault detection,this system is intelligent and practical for street light control.

Abstract:This paper proposes a two-step detection scheme that begins thick and ends thin,to mine the outliers of multivariable time series (MTS).According to the confidence interval of the data in sliding window,characteristics of both variation trend value and relevant variation trend value were constructed,which were then used in the two detection processes.Meanwhile,the rapid extraction algorithm for characteristics is studied.The outlier detection scheme is then applied to mine outliers before and after an accident happened at a 110 kV Grid Transformer Substation in Jiangsu province.Data sets of various equipment tables,which were collected by OPEN3000 data surveillance system,were checked by the proposed detection scheme,and experiment result indicates that this algorithm can rapidly and precisely locate the outliers.

Abstract:With the development of minimally invasive surgery,virtual surgery has an increasingly broad application prospects.As the core technology of virtual surgery,force feedback directly affects the sense of immersion in virtual surgery.The classic bounding box collision detection algorithms are compared in this paper,and the sphere bounding box collision detection algorithm is then adopted.A precise force feedback model is established to simulate the flexible collision impact in vascular interventional surgery.The simulation is of high accuracy and real-time capability.

Abstract:The problem of inaccurate initial parameters perplexed the Tsai two-step calibration method,hence a three-step calibration method based on linear projection constraints is proposed for camera calibration in order to improve the size detection precision of mechanical parts.Firstly,the linear projection constraint conditions were used to solve the initial accurate value of the image center and the distortion parameters.Combined the radial alignment constraint conditions with overdetermined equations,all the external parameters as well as the rest of internal parameters are then solved.Finally,the nonlinear optimization is conducted to all the parameters by constrained conditions.The world coordinate system based on image template is established to verify the effect of the proposed method.Using the image pixel coordinates,the camera coordinates are calculated and then normalized.The world coordinates corresponding to image point are solved using the external parameter matrix.An experiment is carried out with single CCD,and the coordinate results are comparatively analyzed with Tsai method and Zhang method.The experiment results show that this proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of camera calibration,with pixel error reaching 0.126 5 and distance error of arbitrary two points in monocular visual size detection being less than 0.41%.

Abstract:In this paper,the research and implementation of MeteoExplorer Touch software,a scientific data visualization system designed especially for mobile computing devices that use touch gestures to manipulate,is introduced.This software system is also the world's first Windows store application that offers touch manipulation experience.The system enjoys the following technical advantages.First of all,by making use of the innovative technologies introduced in Windows 8 and Windows RT operating system,MeteoExplorer Touch manages to provide a number of exciting features.To name a few,it allows users to zoom and pan the base map using slide,pinch,and stretch gestures.It is able to restore the last session after the operating system recovers from the standby state.Next,MeteoExplorer Touch is not merely a picture viewer.Instead,it provides a large proportion of the functionalities offered by the professional meteorological applications designed for desktop and workstations.These functionalities include data analysis,objective analysis,physics computation,graphics product generation,geographic information,and layer management.Third,MeteoExplorer Touch concentrates on performance and user experience.To accomplish the goal,C++programming language is used for implementing functionalities,XAML markup language is used to design user interface,and DirectX 11 hardware accelerating rendering technology is used for graphics display.All the proposed software system shares the same strengths as those provided by a typical native application in that it offers high performance,while at the same time does not require much system resources.

Abstract:The characteristics of a cold-front cloud during the forest fire on April 17,2011 in Funing county of Hebei province,were analyzed at macro and micro scale.Meteorological data of conventional observations,satellite cloud image,Doppler weather Radar data,aircraft observation,and the NCEP reanalysis data were used to analyze the precipitation enhancement potential of this cold-front cloud.Macroanalysis shows that the water vapor carried by the cold-front cloud is the only source of the artificial precipitation enhancement,which is small in moisture convergence thus not favorable for precipitation.Microanalysis shows that relatively thin supercooled water area exists in both horizontal and vertical direction of the cold-front stratiform cloud system,with certain proportion of small particle concentration>20 cm^-3 in size.After the feeding operation,the radar echo intensity is enhanced,parameters of the particle concentration,LWC and the mean diameter of particles detected by CAS change significantly.Results show that the cold-front cloud has certain precipitation enhancement potential.

Abstract:The precipitation anomalies during June-July 2010 in east China were divided into three stages according to the distribution of rain bands during Meiyu period,based on the daily precipitation dataset archived in meteorological stations in China.Rain bands concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR) during the first stage(June 7—11),then the rain center moved southward to regions south of the Yangtze River during the second stage(June 18—22),while there still had precipitation peaks in the MLYR.Finally,rain band center moved back to the MLYR during the third stage(July 7—17).The relationship between the circulation features and the west Pacific subtropical high anomalies during the three stages were analyzed using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Results showed that the north-south migration of rain belt was closely related with strong cold air invasion from north during the second stage.The warm shear line and weak warm shear line appeared in the MLYR during the first stage and the third stage,respectively,which was the main cause of these two precipitation processes.Moreover,the water vapor flux convergence and plentiful vapor resources in the MLYR also favored the three heavy rains.A significant negative correlation is found between the west ridge point index of the western Pacific subtropical high and the precipitation processes in MLYR during June-July 2010.Thethree heavy precipitation processes are in correspondence with the westward of west Pacific subtropical high,while the precipitation just occurred in areas north of the western Pacific subtropical high.So we concluded that the western Pacific subtropical high anomaly is one of the main reasons of heavy rainfall from June to July in the MLYR.

Abstract:The ERA-Interim surface temperature data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are used to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of the seasonal surface temperature over the Tibetan Plateau using Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF).The results show that in spring,summer and winter,the surface temperature tends to increase in the whole Plateau without obvious spatial variation;while in autumn,surface temperature tends to decrease slightly in most area,and a significant opposite variation trend exists between the eastern and western area of the Plateau.In addition,there are some definite relations between the surface temperature anomaly variations in different seasons,and the integral type can last for 3 seasons.

Abstract:The statistical characteristics of the daily lightning events and their deprived injury and death amount from 1980 to 2010 in Jiangsu province were analyzed in this paper.The results were displayed as follows:1) The lightning events are increasing in these years as well as their deprived accidents.The lightning-stroke rate of lightning accidents shows a single peak pattern with positive and ascent climatic tendency.2) The lightning events and deprived accidents in Jiangsu province shows a single peak in July with a paralleling trend line,a high relative coefficient(0.627 885) and an unanimous ascent trend.The lightning-hit death toll reaches its peak in July while the injuries peak in August.The lightning-stroke rate of casualties peaks in May and July with considerable peak valley difference and month-to-month disparity.3)There was obvious regional difference of the lightning-hit casualties in Jiangsu province.Nantong and Huaian has the highest lightning-stroke rates of the death toll while Xuzhou has the highest lightning-stroke rate of the injuries.