Abstract:As an important component of soil,soil organic matter(SOM) has a primary impact on soil properties.The rapid monitoring of soil organic matter is the premise of precision agriculture,which can be achieved by soil spectrum technology.In recent decades,the development in hyper spectral technology provides a new method for soil organic matter monitoring.This paper makes a review and comparison on the various hyper spectral techniques applied in SOM monitoring.Influenced by soil factors like mass fraction and composition of SOM,water content and soil texture,the indoor spectrum technology is relatively accurate in SOM prediction results.While influenced by more factors from atmosphere as well as land vegetation,the airborne remote sensing or satellite remote sensing is low in accuracy of SOM prediction.The future progress of satellite imaging spectroscopy will improve the SOM prediction and facilitate the implementation of digital SOM mapping in large scale.

Abstract:Based on 73 meteorological stations' annual precipitation data during 1961—2009 in Hebei province and its vicinity,NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and NOAA Sea Surface Temperature(SST) data of the Pacific Ocean during the same period,the spatial and temporal distributions of drought/flood are analyzed.The relations between drought/flood in Hebei and contemporaneous anomalies of the SST field in the Pacific Ocean and the field of circulation are investigated by using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and composite analysis methods.The research shows that,there are mainly two patterns in the anomalous distributions of drought/flood in Hebei,with temporal variations in not only inter-annual but also inter-decadal time scale.The coupling relationship between drought/flood in Hebei and associated atmospheric and oceanic anomaly patterns with SVD analysis presents that,when the annual mean SST in equatorial eastern Pacific is abnormally low and the mean SST in the middle of the North Pacific Basin at the same time is abnormally high,it would always have flood in most regions of Hebei province,otherwise it would be a drought year.In drought years of Hebei province the positive anomalies over the southwestern of Lake Baikal and North Pole and the negative anomalies over the south of Aleutian region emerge at 500 hPa mean geopotential height fields.While the circulation anomalies display a latitudinal negative-positive-negative pattern at mid-and high-latitudes in Asia.Concurrent flood years pattern corresponded with the negative anomalies over the southwestern of Lake Baikal and North Pole and the positive anomalies over the south of Aleutian region emerge at 500 hPa mean geopotential height fields.At the same time,at mid-and high-latitudes there was latitudinal negative-positive anomalous circulation pattern in Asia.

Abstract:The impact of climate warming on energy consumed during heating period in Qinghai plateau during the past 50 years is studied in this paper,based on daily mean temperature data from 34 stations during 1961—2010.A model is established to predict the future heating energy consumption under medium greenhouse gas emission scenario (SRESA1B).Results show a significant warming trend took place in Qinghai plateau since 1998,and the average heating periods decreased by 9 days for the whole province.The heating degree-day decreased in all parts,especially in southwestern part of the province,with evident decline in heating strength.Theoretically,the heating strength decrease brought by climate warming is assumed to be 4.9%-15.3%,while the average energy saving in the whole province is 1.79 kg/m² in standard coal.Under the medium greenhouse gas emission scenario (SRESA1B),the energy consumed during heating periods in future is predicted to decline obviously in Qinghai plateau,yet with great uncertainty.

Abstract:It is difficult to distinguish mangrove from terrestrial vegetation or the mixed pixels of water and terrestrial vegetation due to the coastal wetland habit of mangrove.Moreover,the tide change also causes the change in spatial distribution characteristics of mangrove in remotely sensed imagery.Therefore,it is very difficult to precisely extract the spatial mangrove information by means of the remote sensing imagery of single tide,which was usually adopted yet.Nevertheless the mangrove resides in coastal wetland,where the tide level varies periodically.In order to solve the problem,it was attempted to make good use of the unique habit characteristics of mangrove based on Landsat TM remote sensing images of both high tide level and low tide level.The analysis results show that the separability between mangrove and the other objects are very good through WI_L+WI_H,GVI_L and GVI_L-GVI_H,which are developed by the tidal range information and tasseled cap transformation.Note that WI and GVI stand for wetness index and greenness vegetation index,respectively;while the subscripted L and H stand for low tide and high tide,respectively.The maximum likelihood classifier,an unsupervised classification method,was used to identify mangrove.The classification features based on the tidal range information,greenness index and wetness index can accurately map mangrove forest,and the producer's accuracy and user's accuracy of mangrove are 94.57% and 98.8%,respectively.

Abstract:Using meteorological data,statistical yearbook data,basic geographic information data,land use data and historical disaster data,we calculated the indexes of flood and waterlogging risk (FWR) of Weifang and drew its zoning map based on FWR assessment model and GIS technology.The results show that the areas of central and northern Zhucheng,southwestern Gaomi and southeastern Anqiu are the highest risk regions,the areas of northeastern Anqiu,southern Changyi are the second highest risk regions,most region of Changle,eastern Qingzhou,northeastern Linqu and western Anqiu are the median risk regions,while the areas of southwestern Qingzhou,southwestern Linqu,northeastern Shouguang and northeastern Changyi are the low risk regions.This assessment results are in good agreement with Weifang's reality.

Abstract:To gain insight into climate change effects on main crop (wheat,corn,cotton,and peanut) water requirement of Henan province,crop water requirement were calculated according to the FAO Penman-Monteith equation.The climatic data of 12 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2010 were used to analyze the relationship between climate change and crop water requirement.The results showed that the crop water requirement was highest in June,and lowest in November or December.As for water requirement difference between the 4 crops,cotton demanded more water than wheat,which is followed by peanut,and the corn demanded least water in the 4 main crops.Crop water requirement had a tendency of decreasing from 1971 to 2001.The mean wind speed had a significantly positive influence on crop water requirement.The mean wind speed significantly decreased in the past 40 years,and resulted in the reduction of the water requirement of main crops.

Abstract:Material layer thickness of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS) surface manufacturing process is one of the significant parameters which determine the performance of MEMS devices,for example,the thickness of polysilicon layer and sacrificial layer directly determines the performance and longitudinal mobile range of MEMS devices,so the measurement and process control and monitoring of material layer thickness are very meaningful.The current material layer thickness test,which is mostly through optomechanical method,is too complex and expensive,and needs too much measuring time.Besides,it is difficult for the current method to integrate with the Process-control-monitor(PCM) system.In the paper,a novel electrical testing structure is developed to measure the material layer thickness,which is simple and convenient,and can be integrated with the MEMS measurement system easily.To validate the testing structures and testing models,the software Medici is used to carry out the closed-loop verification.The results show a good agreement between simulation results and theoretical results.

Abstract:With the increasing attention focused on the measurement accuracy of the high altitude air temperature,it is necessary to research into the source of the radiosonde temperature sensor error.Solar radiation makes the most significant contribution to the error in upper air temperature measurement.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is employed to study the errors induced by solar radiation and lead angles,from sea level to 32 km altitude.The results show that lead angle and solar incident angle are important factors that affect the errors.Simulation results can be used as a reference for error correcting,which has a potential to improve the measuring accuracy.

Abstract:In view of nonlinear distribution characteristics of wind direction and wind speed with increase of height,as well as non-meteorological interference factors of wind profiler radar in engineering practices,a nonlinear method,namely Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed in this paper for data filtering of wind profiler radar.Using first-order Taylor expansion and combining with the classic Kalman Filter (KF),EKF method linearizes the nonlinear equations and changes the nonlinear filter into an approximately linear filter.The experimental results indicate that this method can effectively remove the noise of wind data and well reflects its nonlinear characteristics.EKF is better for data processing of wind profiler radar than traditional KF and has some engineering application prospects.

Abstract:Blind source separation is the separation of source signals from a set of mixed signals,without or with very little information about the source signals or the mixing process.Blind source separation has become a hot spot in research of signal processing in recent years.Large amount of calculation is required for source signal recovery process in blind source separation by Kurtosis based Independent Component Analysis(ICA) algorithm,thus the conjugate gradient method is employed in this paper to optimize the ICA algorithm.The Matlab simulation results show that the improved ICA algorithm is quick in convergence speed,good in separation performance,and low in steady-state error.

Abstract:On account of the power quality signal under stable state,this paper integrates the function of Hanning window with Fast Fourier Transform(FFT),and uses it to harmonic analysis for power quality.Matlab simulation is carried out for the feasibility of the proposed windowed FFT method,and results show that the integration of Hanning window function with FFT can significantly reduce the harmonic leakage,effectively weaken the interference between the harmonics,and accurately measure the amplitude and phase of power signal.

Abstract:A wireless alarm system for transfusion security is designed based on MCU of MSP430 of TI,which can realize the automatic and real time monitoring of transfusion situation.The analog signal sampled from pressure sensor is amplified by OPA2335 and then converted into digital signal by ADS7818.The status of transfusion is monitored by using MSP430,which will generate and send alarm signal via wireless transmission system.The alarm signal is received by the paired receiving part,and is decoded to show the room and bed number of the patient with transfusion anomalies.Featured with small size,low power consumption,long transmitting distance and stable performance,this system has practical value and can be promoted in medical applications.

Abstract:In order to avoid the population premature into local minimum,a new averaging method based on a random initial population was introduced into the genetic algorithm.The initial population is stochastically divided into several sub populations to form niches,with the purpose to maintain the population diversity,make the individuals in a sub population not display prematurity phenomenon,and improve the convergence speed of the algorithm as well.The adaptive technique is employed to control the crossover and mutation probability,therefore the algorithm can find the optimal solution quickly.Simulation results show that,compared with traditional RBF neural network optimized by genetic algorithm,the new algorithm is characterized by less iterations,higher precision,and greatly improved convergence speed.

Abstract:In order to improve the performance of Body Control Module (BCM) for economy cars,the specialized automotive controller (MC9S08AW32) which has strong ability of anti-electromagnetic interference is used into BCM design.The SCADE software is introduced into the control logic applications.With remote control and anti-burglar through RKE (Remote Keyless Entry) technology,a low-cost high performance centralized BCM design is presented.The real application and test in economy cars verifies the reliable performance with preferable cost of the proposed BCM system.

Abstract:The archtitecture of Qtopia and the establishment of cross-compiler development environment under Linux system are introduced in this paper.Then,the development framework and application program of electronic menu system are designed.The Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) based on Qtopia and displayed in Chinese,is developed and transplanted to ARM9 development board.The running result shows a friendly interface and smooth operation.Qtopia is employed as support environment of human-machine interface in embeded constant system application program,which greatly improve the operation efficiency of GUI and upgrade the product quality.

Abstract:The study aims to examine the collaboration structure in the Chinese meteorological researchers based on journal article data in Web of Science for recent 10 years.Social Network Analysis (SNA) is applied to explore the patterns of co-authorship.Network indicators and measurement indexes such as network density,minimum distance,cliques and centrality,are calculated by UCINET software.Quality analysis on nodes with high degree is carried out to identify those active researchers and research groups.The conclusions are that Chinese meteorological researchers are in sparsely-connected network,and are inclined to collaborate with peers in the same region or institutes.The domestic collaboration in meteorological research is relatively low in scale and degree,compared with that in other disciplines and other countries.

Abstract:In this paper,the number of solutions to a second-order Neumann boundary value problem with singular nonlinearity are concerned.Comparison theorem,maximum principle and upper solutions method are employed to come to a conclusion that,in some condition,the number of solutions for this problem is exactly five.