The emissions of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from croplands in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in 2018 were estimated via CH4MOD model and emission factor method,and their temporal and spatial distributions were further analyzed to establish 1 km×1 km grid greenhouse gas emission inventory.The results show that,the CH₄ emission factor of paddy field was 348.54 kg／hm² and N₂O emission factor of croplands was 0.95 kg／hm² in the YRD,which were consistent with previous research results.In 2018,1.769 million tons of CH₄ (equivalent to 37.149 million tons of CO₂) were discharged from paddy fields in the YRD,with single-season paddy fields as the main contributor;while the croplands in the YRD emitted 15 114.9 tons of N₂O (equivalent to 4.504 million tons of CO₂) to the air,with wheat land as the biggest contributor.Jiangsu and Anhui provinces contributed most to the CH₄ and N₂O emissions,especially during April to August.It is suggested to reduce cropland nitrogen input thus mitigate agricultural greenhouse gas emissions.