Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an environmentally friendly and efficient oxidant, which is widely used in industries like medicine and semiconductor chip.The electrochemical synthesis of H₂O₂ by Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) has great potential to replace traditional anthraquinone method.To commercialize this process, the development of 2e^-ORR electrocatalysts with high activity, high selectivity and long-term stability is imminent.Here, we systematically present the research of currently available metal and non-metal based catalysts, with special emphasis on the control strategy of surface groups, and resolves effects on bond binding strength and electron transfer pathways of intermediates in the reduction process.We focus on key strategies such as electronic and geometric effects, coordination heteroatom doping, and active sites of nonmetal-based materials, highlighting that appropriate meso-structural engineering and kinetic strategies can further optimize the catalytic activity and H₂O₂ selectivity of existing catalysts.Finally, we summarize the challenges in exploring the active centers of non-metallic catalysts, the influence of electrolyte environment on catalysts and industrial equipment design with large output power, and prospect the future development in electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.