Scientific evaluation of urbanization quality is of great significance to measure the level of urban development and promote urban sustainable development. Based on the two dimensions of urban development and urban environmental quality, the evaluation index system of urbanization quality in Liaoning Province was constructed, and the entropy weight method, standard deviation ellipse and geographic detector were comprehensively used to explore the urbanization quality and spatial distribution law, spatial evolution trend and influence factor detection in Liaoning Province. The results show that: (1) From 2005 to 2019, the overall urbanization quality index increased from 2.74 to 4.74, the quality of economic urbanization subsystem has the largest increase, the quality of social urbanization and environmental governance subsystem has an obvious upward trend, and the quality of environmental state and environmental pressure subsystem is relatively stable. (2) The urbanization quality index of each city ranges from 0.087 to 0.740, and the spatial distribution shows that Shenyang is the "big core" and Dalian is the "small core". (3) The center of gravity ellipse of urbanization quality standard deviation in the study area is located in Liaoyang City, and the deflection trajectory is "southeast, northwest, southwest" from 2005 to 2019, and the distance and speed of the center of gravity ellipse of standard deviation increase year by year. (4) Subsystems are mainly affecting the quality of urbanization in Liaoning province economic urbanization, social urbanization and environmental control factors, specific to the index layer, affect the comprehensive index of urbanization area is main, the whole society fixed assets investment, to attend primary endowment insurance number, the number of college students per ten thousand people, the Domestic garbage volume and urban daily sewage treatment capacity, And their influence continues to grow.