With the deepening study of nonlinear effect in optical fiber,the distributed optical fiber sensor has been widely studied and applied.In this paper,the application of optical fiber sensor is introduced.To realize different types of fiber distributed sensing,the principle of three kinds of scattered light based on Brillouin scattering,Raman scattering,and Rayleigh scattering is summarized.Finally,the future development direction of fiber distributed sensing is prospected.