MOD11A2 and MOD13A2 (data of MODIS) are used to get surface temperature (TS),temperature difference between day and night (DST),normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),enhanced vegetation index (EVI) to construct characteristic space of TS-NDVI,TS-EVI,DST-NDVI and DST-EVI in April (8th,18th and 28th),July (8th,18th and 28th) and October (8th,18th and 28th) of 2005 in Ningxia region.Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (TVDI),Temperature Enhanced Drought Index (TEDI),Difference Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (DTVDI) and Difference Temperature Enhanced Drought Index (DTEDI) are established according to characteristic space of TS-NDVI,TS-EVI,DST-NDVI and DST-EVI.These drought indexes are used as monitoring index to retrieve soil moisture in April,July and October of 2005 in Ningxia region.Correlation analysis between observed 10 cm soil moisture and retrieved data is conducted,and the result shows that DTEDI is best,and DTVDI is better than TVDI and TEDI in retrieval results of soil moisture in Ningxia region.