It has been an important development direction to improve the consumption of renewable energy and facilitate the low-carbon economic operation of the power system, and the virtual power plant (VPP) can be combined with the shared energy storage plant to realize the energy complementarity between different VPPs. Firstly, a multi-VPP framework with shared energy storage was established, and the equipment model was constructed from the three dimensions of cooling, heating and electricity. Secondly, a multi-VPP two-layer optimal scheduling strategy considering dynamic tariffs of carbon emissions in conjunction with shared energy storage was proposed. Considering the interaction and the comprehensive unit output between VPP and shared storage power plant, the upper layer aimed at minimizing the operation cost of multi-VPP to obtain the carbon ratio of the system, which provided a guiding tariff for the lower layer dispatch. The lower layer was designed to maximize the revenue of shared storage power plant, and guided it to serve multi-VPP under the guidance of the tariff of the upper layer. Then, taking the minimum difference value between the upper layer cost and the lower layer income as the convergence goal, the final scheduling strategy was computed by using the vertical and horizontal crossover algorithm. Finally, the example simulation showed that the dynamic tariff strategy can reduce the carbon emission of the whole system and increase the charging and discharging revenue of shared energy storage plant.