In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have attempted to link catalytic activity to the acidity and basicity of the oxygen vacancies in catalysts.A deeper understanding of the role played by oxygen vacancy defects in determining catalytic properties and charge carrier dynamics by combining Lewis acid-base active sites can provide valuable insights for the rational development of more efficient catalysts.Oxygen vacancies are the most common defect in transition metal oxides, and catalysts containing oxygen vacancies are closely related to how surface acidity and basicity affect the adsorption, reaction, and desorption processes of reactants, intermediates, and solid surface products.To this end, the location and the acid-base of oxygen vacancies have always played a central role in the history of multiphase catalysis, and the study of the construction of Lewis acid-base sites based on oxygen vacancy defects in catalysts is of great significance for the performance enhancement of various molecular activation and catalytic conversion reactions.The surface properties of multiphase catalysts will largely determine the electronic structure of the surface active sites.Therefore, this paper reviews the research on the oxygen vacancy-containing solid catalysts with Lewis acid-base sites, explores the effects of the corresponding active sites on the catalytic efficiency, stability and chemoselectivity of the catalysts, and summarizes their relevant applications in the field of photocatalysis.