The proposal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals will have a transformative impact on the socio-economic development of China.It is of great significance to clarify the agricultural N₂O emissions for the realization of the dual carbon goal.Here,we calculate the N₂O emissions from agricultural system using China's crop planting and manure management data from 2000 to 2019,use the Theil index to explore the difference in N₂O emission among four major regions and eight economic zones,and propose suggestions for China's low-carbon production of staple grains.The results showed an increasing then decreasing trend in N₂O emissions from China's agricultural system during 2000-2019.The N₂O emissions increased during 2000-2015 from 699,800 tons in 2000 to 860,100 tons in 2015,and then declined to 764,300 tons in 2019.The N₂O emission significantly varied between provinces,which was 560 tons in Beijing in 2019 and 56 900 tons in Henan in 2019.Along with the concentrated trend,diverse variations in N₂O emission were observed between provinces and regions.The provincial differences first expanded and then narrowed,and have stabilized since 2009.For the eight economic zones,the Theil index showed a downward trend in the northern coast,eastern coast,northwest zone,and an upward trend in other zones.To reduce N₂O emission,it is necessary to carry out low-carbon production of major grains targeted for different regions and economic zones,especially for the central region,western region,northeast zone and southwest zone.