In order to clarify the effects of microbial agents combined with urea on reactive gaseous nitrogen (N₂O and NH₃) emissions and vegetable yield,a field experiment was designed to simultaneously measure N₂O and NH₃ fluxes using the static opaque chamber-gas chromatograph and ventilation chamber-ammonia capture method,respectively.Three following field treatments were set up including control (CK),urea (U),and urea combined with microbial agents (EM).The results showed that compared with CK treatment,the U treatment increased vegetable yield as well as reactive gaseous nitrogen emissions,though the increase trends were not significant.However,the combination of microbial agents with urea markedly enhanced both the vegetable yield and reactive gaseous nitrogen emissions (P<0.05),specifically,the vegetable yield,cumulative N₂O emission,cumulative NH₃ emission,reactive gaseous nitrogen emission and emission intensity were significantly increased by 22.28%,103.46%,45.07%,92.80% and 57.14%,respectively.It can be concluded that,besides the economic benefits by increasing vegetable yield,the enhancement of reactive gaseous nitrogen emissions and the resulting environmental losses need to be carefully evaluated for application of microbial agents in vegetable fields.