The orchard production system is recognized as a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,but it's also a sector to reduce emissions and increase sinks through soil carbon sequestration.By calculating the net GHG balance and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) per unit product of orchard production system under traditional and optimized managements,then identifying the main GHG emission paths and their carbon mitigation potentials,we can provide scientific evidence for the green and low-carbon management of the orchard production system.In this study,we carried out a meta-analysis on the fertilizer input,yield,net GHG balance and GHGI results of 307 conventionally managed orchards and 333 orchards with optimized management measures,both of which were classified into six categories according to the dominating fruit planted:citrus,apple,pear,grape,banana and other fruits.The results showed that the orchard production systems under optimized management have advantages in yield and GHG reduction due to their optimized practices such as nitrogen fertilizer reduction,organic fertilizer application,irrigation reduction,irrigation cycle control,and fertigation.Whether under traditional or optimized management,the net GHG balance of different orchard production systems was ranked as banana > pear > apple > grape > other > citrus,nevertheless,the net GHG balance was significantly reduced by 53.2%-75.8% by the optimized management.Similarly,the GHGI decreased from range of 2.82±0.20 kg(CO₂-eq)·kg^-1-4.32±0.27 kg(CO₂-eq)·kg^-1 under traditional management to range of 0.64±0.19 kg(CO₂-eq)·kg^-1-1.40±0.13 kg(CO₂-eq)·kg^-1 under optimized measures.The dominant components of GHG emissions from orchard production systems were CO₂-eq from nitrogen fertilizer inputs during their production and transportation,N₂O emissions induced by nitrogen application,and CO₂-eq from energy consumption of irrigation machines.GHG emissions from orchard production systems in China can be offset by 38.4% to 66.9% through enhancing soil organic carbon capacity by optimization practices such as straw returning,cover crops and no-tillage.Therefore,China's orchard production system has a large potential in carbon emission reduction.In view of the increasing fruit consumption in the future,GHG emissions from orchard production should be and can be mitigated by optimizing management measures,thus to facilitate the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization targets.