中国不同水果生产系统温室气体排放及减排措施
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F326.1;X24

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国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2019YFE0194000);国家自然科学基金(42077013)


Greenhouse gas emission and its mitigation measures of different orchard production systems in China
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    摘要:

    水果生产系统既是温室气体(GHG)排放源,又可通过土壤固碳起到减排增汇作用.计算中国不同水果生产系统传统与优化管理措施的净GHG平衡和单位产品温室气体强度(GHGI),识别不同水果生产的主要GHG排放途径及其优化碳减排潜力,可为水果生产绿色低碳管理方案的制定提供科学对策.本文对307项常规果园管理措施和333项优化果园管理措施下的肥料投入、产量、净GHG平衡和GHGI结果进行了Meta分析,并将其按播种面积大小分为柑橘、苹果、梨、葡萄、香蕉和其他水果共6类.结果表明:采取氮肥减量、增施有机肥、灌溉减量、控制灌水周期以及水肥耦合等优化管理措施的水果生产系统,在产量及GHG减排上都具优势.传统和优化管理措施下不同水果生产系统净GHG平衡排序均为香蕉>梨>苹果>葡萄>其他>柑橘,但优化措施净GHG平衡大幅降低53.2%~75.8%.不同水果生产系统GHGI也从传统措施下2.82±0.20(柑橘)~4.32±0.27(葡萄) kg (CO2-eq)·kg-1降至优化措施下0.64±0.19(柑橘)~1.40±0.13(香蕉) kg (CO2-eq)·kg-1.水果生产系统GHG排放的主要来源是投入氮肥在其生产和运输过程排放的CO2-eq及氮肥诱导的N2O排放和灌溉机械能耗CO2排放.通过秸秆还田、地面覆盖及免耕等优化措施增加土壤有机碳可以抵消我国不同水果生产系统38.4%~66.9%的GHG排放.因此,我国水果生产系统具有较大的碳减排潜力,在未来水果消费需求大增的情况下,通过优化果园管理措施可以减缓水果生产引起的GHG排放,助力碳达峰和碳中和.

    Abstract:

    The orchard production system is recognized as a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,but it's also a sector to reduce emissions and increase sinks through soil carbon sequestration.By calculating the net GHG balance and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) per unit product of orchard production system under traditional and optimized managements,then identifying the main GHG emission paths and their carbon mitigation potentials,we can provide scientific evidence for the green and low-carbon management of the orchard production system.In this study,we carried out a meta-analysis on the fertilizer input,yield,net GHG balance and GHGI results of 307 conventionally managed orchards and 333 orchards with optimized management measures,both of which were classified into six categories according to the dominating fruit planted:citrus,apple,pear,grape,banana and other fruits.The results showed that the orchard production systems under optimized management have advantages in yield and GHG reduction due to their optimized practices such as nitrogen fertilizer reduction,organic fertilizer application,irrigation reduction,irrigation cycle control,and fertigation.Whether under traditional or optimized management,the net GHG balance of different orchard production systems was ranked as banana > pear > apple > grape > other > citrus,nevertheless,the net GHG balance was significantly reduced by 53.2%-75.8% by the optimized management.Similarly,the GHGI decreased from range of 2.82±0.20 kg(CO2-eq)·kg-1-4.32±0.27 kg(CO2-eq)·kg-1 under traditional management to range of 0.64±0.19 kg(CO2-eq)·kg-1-1.40±0.13 kg(CO2-eq)·kg-1 under optimized measures.The dominant components of GHG emissions from orchard production systems were CO2-eq from nitrogen fertilizer inputs during their production and transportation,N2O emissions induced by nitrogen application,and CO2-eq from energy consumption of irrigation machines.GHG emissions from orchard production systems in China can be offset by 38.4% to 66.9% through enhancing soil organic carbon capacity by optimization practices such as straw returning,cover crops and no-tillage.Therefore,China's orchard production system has a large potential in carbon emission reduction.In view of the increasing fruit consumption in the future,GHG emissions from orchard production should be and can be mitigated by optimizing management measures,thus to facilitate the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization targets.

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韩双颖,高兵,赵川,崔胜辉.中国不同水果生产系统温室气体排放及减排措施[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版),2022,14(4):389-398
HAN Shuangying, GAO Bing, ZHAO Chuan, CUI Shenghui. Greenhouse gas emission and its mitigation measures of different orchard production systems in China[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2022,14(4):389-398

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-09-01
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