Driven by the country's goal of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality and to cope with global climate change,the Grass-based Livestock Husbandry (abbreviated as GLiH) must take into account green ecology in order to achieve high-quality development.The life cycle of the GLiH starts from pasture planting and forage grass processing,to animal husbandry,livestock product processing and transportation,then to consumption and ends at waste treatment,all of which are related to carbon emissions.Based on the Material Flow Analysis (MFA),this study constructed the framework of the GLiH research,and analyzed the characteristics,influencing factors and existing problems related with carbon sources and sinks in different links.In view of the key influencing links within the GLiH research framework,some feasible approaches for the ecological development of GLiH were discussed under the carbon neutrality target,which include enhancing the carbon sink of grassland vegetation,regulating the carbon source of livestock production,and improving the efficiency of clean energy.In addition,multi-sectoral joint technical research is needed to systematically plan and advance the green and low-carbon GLiH,thus to provide support for achieving the national carbon neutral targets.