This paper designed a meteorological element detection robot through embedding the meteorological sensor into the C8051F120-based robot system.The robot can detect the meteorological information such as acoustic susceptance,temperature,moisture,atmospheric pressure,wind speed,wind direction.It can detect the pose of robot in real-time,through which we can carry out further research into autonomous navigation and environment modeling.The median filtering algorithm and curve-fitting were used to accurately measure the distance between the robot and obstacle based on the data collected by ultrasonic transducer.These experimental results provide references for the further research.