不同类型有机肥对珠三角水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响
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国家自然科学基金(41771291)


Effects of organic manures on rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions from double-cropping rice fields in the Pearl River Delta
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    摘要:

    水稻田是甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的重要排放源.以珠三角地区典型双季稻为研究对象,设置了无肥(CK)、化肥(CF)、条垛有机肥(SOF)、促腐有机肥(COF)、新鲜有机肥(FOF)和灭菌有机肥(STOF)共6种处理,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,研究等氮量施用不同类型有机肥对水稻产量以及温室气体CH4和N2O排放的影响.结果如下:1)水稻产量依次为STOF> FOF> COF> CF> SOF> CK.STOF、FOF和COF处理相对于化肥处理增加了水稻产量,分别为19.3%、17.1%和15.5%(P<0.05);FOF、STOF和COF处理相对于化肥处理增加了水稻田的经济效益,分别为69.4%、41.2%和24.2%.2)早稻和晚稻CH4累积排放量依次为COF> FOF> SOF> STOF> CF> CK.COF、FOF、SOF和STOF处理相对于化肥处理增加了早稻和晚稻CH4的累积排放量,分别为333.5%、261.3%、154.1%和128.6%(P<0.05).3)水稻生长期间各施肥处理N2O的排放量均处于较低水平,该地区水稻田主要的温室气体仍然为CH4.4)4种类型有机肥处理相对于化肥处理均显著增加了水稻田的全球增温潜势和温室气体排放强度.从全生命周期来看,COF由于堆肥时间较短、温室气体排放最少,在实际应用中不仅可以提高经济效益,同时也可以兼顾生态环境效益.

    Abstract:

    Paddy fields are an important source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions.In this study,an in-situ rice field experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of different organic manures on rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a typical double-cropping rice field in the Pearl River Delta region.The treatments included no fertilizer (CK),chemical fertilizer (CF),stack organic fertilizer (SOF),rapidly composted organic fertilizer (COF),fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),and sterilized organic fertilizer (STOF).The five fertilization treatments were applied equally at nitrogen level.The static chamber-gas chromatography was used to measure greenhouse gas fluxes in this study.The results are as follows:1) The order of rice yields was STOF>FOF>COF>CF>SOF>CK.Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,the rice yields under STOF,FOF,and COF increased by 19.3%,17.1%,and 15.5% (P<0.05),respectively,and their economic benefits increased by 41.2%,69.4%,and 24.2%,respectively.2) The total emissions of CH4 in the double-cropping rice seasons were in the order of COF>FOF>SOF>STOF>CF>CK.Compared with chemical fertilizer treatments,the total emissions of CH4 increased by 333.5%,261.3%,154.1%,and 128.6% under the treatments of COF,FOF,SOF,and STOF,respectively (P<0.05).3) During the rice growing period,the CH4 was still the main greenhouse gas in this region since the N2O emissions of various fertilizer treatments were at a low level.4) Compared with chemical fertilizer,the four organic fertilizers significantly increased the global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity of rice fields.From the perspective of the whole life cycle,the COF has shorter composting time and less greenhouse gas emission,and thus is more economical and environment friendly.

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钱栋,胡明成,申卫收,林先贵,钟振芳,邱崇文.不同类型有机肥对珠三角水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版),2022,14(4):399-409
QIAN Dong, HU Mingcheng, SHEN Weishou, LIN Xiangui, ZHONG Zhenfang, QIU Chongwen. Effects of organic manures on rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions from double-cropping rice fields in the Pearl River Delta[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2022,14(4):399-409

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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-19
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-09-01
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