The three-dimensional synchronous meteorological data are demanded for further understanding the occurrence,development and disappearance mechanism of meteorological phenomena on the atmospheric boundary layer.However,current detection technology seems powerless to this requirement.A new detection mode is proposed in this paper,which is applying the multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) to autonomously detect the meteorological elements in the atmospheric boundary layer.Furthermore,its background,significance,characteristics,advantages,procedure,feasibility and some scientific problems related to this detection mode are analyzed.This detection mode has the characteristics of high pertinency,flexibility,mobility and maneuverability,and the functions of autonomous dynamic synchronous detection,intelligent Auto-Tracking detection.