In the era that electronic materials based on the silicon \soutis developing to the peak,carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and Graphene nanoribbons(GNRs),which have excellent natures of conductor and semiconductor,will become the mainstream in replacing of silicon microelectronic materials.It is verified that CNTs and GNRs possess some advantages as microelectronic materials by a specification of their structure and electronic natures.The paper also listed several existing achievements and promising methods in the process of constructing microelectronic devices,as well as introduced the methods of preparation of corresponding CNTs and GNRs.